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Two rabbits sitting on hay

What to feed your rabbits

To help your rabbits live a long and healthy life, their diet should be as natural and varied as possible.

Rabbits are herbivores who require a full belly of fibre at all times. A healthy rabbit diet should include the following:

  • Hay makes up 85% of their diet. Your rabbits will need a constant supply of soft, long, green, sweet-smelling hay added fresh in their enclosure for them to graze on. Offer a mixture of varieties such as bales of mixed meadow hay, forage treat hay by Burgess and small amounts of timothy hay or Readigrass. Avoid short, brown or yellow, dusty smelling hay as this may harm your rabbits
  • 10% of their diet should be made up of a daily ‘5 a day’ selection of safe plants and vegetables. See the list below for all the healthy fresh foods you can pick and grow
  • Their remaining diet is made up of a good-quality nugget food such as Burgess Excel Rabbit Nuggets. For a medium-sized rabbit, feed around 15g (or 2-3 tablespoons) worth of nuggets once a day. The amount needed for each rabbit will vary, so monitor your rabbits’ weights and adjust the amount of food you give accordingly.

Daily fresh water is extremely important. Many rabbits prefer to drink from a bowl – bottles are suitable but can often leak and be tricky to clean.

 

Foraging wild and garden plants for your rabbits

Foraging for your rabbits is a cost-effective and organic way of feeding them. Some forage, like stinging nettles and rose petals, can be dried out and given as treats later in the year. Other plants such as vegetables or soft leaves like mallow can be fed on the day.

How to forage safely

  • Use suitable secateurs and garden gloves for the prickly ones
  • Take a plant ID or forage book with you so you don’t pick dangerous plants
  • Don’t pick from areas close to roadsides or areas likely to have been toileted on by dogs and cats
  • Only pick from gardens and areas you know are free from chemicals
  • Introduce new foods slowly to avoid a bad reaction to the sudden change

Safe wild plants for rabbits:

  • Blackberry bramble
  • Burdock
  • Campion (red and white)
  • Chickweed
  • Clover
  • Cow parsley
  • Common agrimony
  • Cranesbill
  • Dandelion
  • Dead nettle (white or red)
  • Dog rose
  • Golden rod
  • Good King Henry
  • Goosegrass
  • Grass
  • Greater stitchwort
  • Ground elder
  • Hawksbeard
  • Hawkweed
  • Herb bennet
  • Herb robert
  • Mallow
  • Meadowsweet
  • Nettle
  • Nipplewort
  • Plantain (rib and broad leaf)
  • Prickly lettuce
  • Shepherd’s purse
  • Silverweed
  • Speedwell
  • Sow thistle
  • Willowherb
  • Yarrow

 

Safe garden plants and herbs for rabbits

You can feed your rabbits plenty of different garden plants and herbs when they’re in season. Here are some examples:

  • Buddleia
  • Calendula
  • Hollyhocks (leaves)
  • Lavender
  • Nasturtium
  • Roses
  • Sunflowers
  • Wallflowers
  • Wild geranium
  • Basil
  • Bay borage
  • Catnip
  • Thyme
  • Chamomile
  • Chervil
  • Coriander
  • Dill
  • Fennel
  • Lemon balm
  • Lovage
  • Marjoram
  • Mint
  • Oregano
  • Parsley
  • Rosemary

 

Twigs and shrubs for rabbits

The twigs and branches of several trees are a great source of enrichment for your guinea pigs. You can put large branches inside their run and bundle up the smaller twigs and tie them to the sides of the run. Here are some examples:

  • Apple
  • Beech (not the nuts
  • Blackthorn (not the fruits)
  • Crab apple
  • Hawthorn (but remove the thorns for piggies)
  • Hazel (not the nuts)
  • Pear
  • Willow

 

Safe fruit and vegetables to grow or buy for rabbits

It is important to remember most fruit and vegetables aren’t normally part of a rabbit’s diet. Naturally rabbits feed on large quantities of hay/grass and a wide variety of wild weeds, herbs and bark. Feeding any of the below in large and regular amounts can lead to digestive, urinary or weight issues and should ideally be mixed in with a variety of fresh forage.

As an extra, occasional treat, you can give your pets a small piece of apple or pear. Rabbits also love to eat strawberry leaves, blackberry leaves and raspberry leaves.

  • Broccoli
  • Brussel sprouts
  • Cabbage
  • Carrot tops
  • Cauliflower
  • Celery
  • Courgette
  • Curly kale
  • Fennel

 

Plants, fruits and vegetables to avoid feeding rabbits

  • Lettuce and many fruits, are the most common cause of loose faeces in rabbits – and have limited nutritional value
  • Carrots are ok in small amounts, but are extremely fattening.
  • Pet shop treats such as yoghurt drops, chew bars etc are very fattening and can contribute to poor dental health.
  • Avocado
  • Ragwort
  • Ivy
  • Privet
  • Holly
  • Yew
  • Hemlock
  • Wild garlic
  • Lords and ladies – common in damp or woody areas.
  • Any plants with bulbs
  • Buttercup leaves and flowers can cause extreme discomfort and in some cases be fatal
  • Foxglove
  • Nightshade
  • House plants such as the spider and rubber plant
  • Potatoes

You should avoid all muesli-style feeds, as they’ve been proven to be one of the most common causes of fatal dental and digestive disease. Colourful treats, sticky honey based treats, salt licks and mineral blocks can all be harmful to your rabbit and are unnecessary. If you’re feeding a good quality, natural diet, you’ll not require any form of supplements.

Two rabbits chewing on hay

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